Tag Archives: ettercap

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Firefox Add-On Cocoon – Its strengths and weaknesses

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What is Cocoon? According to https://getcocoon.com/support/faq, it is:

“Cocoon is a service that protects your computer and your privacy when you are on the Internet. It’s a virus-free, secure, and private web experience. We shield your computer from the bad guys, and we protect your identity from prying eyes. It’s that simple.”

I would like to argue how ‘secure’ Cocoon is, but year after year, I think most information security specialists would agree that most things aren’t necessarily 100% secure. Semantics aside, I am still relatively impressed with this Firefox add-on, which can be obtained here.

Strengths of Cocoon:

Using tools like ettercap, sslstrip, webmitm, dnsspoof, and wireshark, I was not able to retrieve the login credentials that were used to sign on to Cocoon’s privacy service. The way they have implemented SSL with this plugin is probably one of the best SSL implementations I’ve seen in my humble opinion. (Although, it does use TLS version 1, which I think you should read about here.)

Even using webmitm and creating a self signed certificate pretty identical to the one that *.vworldc.com used, I was not able to log in to the service and I received this error message:

Cocoon Cert Error

The implementation of SSL that the Cocoon developers have used is simply wonderful. For people who are on the road and have to bear using public wifi on a regular basis and don’t have access to a VPN server or using a socks5 proxy server via SSH, I believe that using HTTPS Everywhere and Cocoon in tandem would be a great defense against attackers who are on the same network.

Weaknesses of Cocoon:

Cocoon’s proxy service has an AV solution implemented. For instance, when you go to download an executable file when you’re using Cocoon, you will be prompted that the file has either passed the virus scan or hasn’t. In the case of if it has passed the scan, you are still given a warning about what kind of file it is. If the file has failed the AV scan, you won’t be able to download the file while using Cocoon.

With that being said, I thought I would put Cocoon’s AV solution to the test. Firstly, I tried accessing a benign but universally known ‘virus’ file that triggers all AV solutions:

http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.com

Not so surprisingly, this file was flagged and I was warned. My next test was to try a meterpreter PE hosted on my own website, which I created using:

msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=443 R | msfencode -t exe -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -c 5 -o test.exe

(prior to running this string, I ran msfupdate of course). To my surprise, this file passed the AV scan done by Cocoon’s AV services. My next test was done using no encoders and yet again this passed the AV scan provided by Cocoon!

I even tried sbd.exe which is in the /pentest/windows-binaries/tools directory of BackTrack without modifying the file, yet it still passed Cocoon’s AV solution.

With Linux and OSX payloads from the Metasploit project, they passed the AV solution as well, but I was still warned that they were executable. Other file types that can trigger Cocoon’s AV solution are zip and tar.gz files. Yet .rar files triggered no alerts or prompts.

“We shield your computer from the bad guys”, pertaining to AV solutions, this is where Cocoon falls extremely short.

Network attacks against Cocoon:

As of the moment, the only attack I could do against Cocoon was a DOS attack. I simply used dnsspoof or ettercap (and the dns_spoof plugin)  and setup a hosts file with *.vworldc.com pointing to my IP address or a non-existing one.

What this means is that someone who’s in the same network as me and if I know they use Cocoon, I could do a DOS attack against them so they cannot access Cocoon’s services and then they would be forced to access the web ‘naked’.

Offensive uses of Cocoon:

One could use Cocoon for ex-filtrating data out of an organization to a foreign entity. For instance, if I’m agitated employee X at employer Y, I could install and use Cocoon to e-mail an attachment containing company private information to an out of jurisdiction web server.

Closing Words:

For those of you who people come to for information security related solutions, I would highly recommend that you check this Firefox add-on. As of the moment, it is free and free to use their service. Weaknesses aside, I still believe that this is a great defensive tool.

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Weaponizing the Nokia N900 – Part 3.7 – More goodness and packet injection!

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Thanks to Shawn Merdinger, from infosecisland for the inspiration and  thanks to many others in the information security community, I’m continuing with my ‘Weaponizing the Nokia N900’ series with another entry.

Firstly, I would like to mention that I’m contemplating on writing a program to automate the process of turning your N900 into a pentester’s device. This is largely due to the fact that the neopwn project seems to have come to a stand still. I have attempted contacting an individual from the neopwn project, however I haven’t had much luck.

In this post I will cover some of the other attacks you can carry out with your N900 as a rogue ap point using dns spoofing and David Kennedy‘s Social Engineering Toolkit. Along with that, I’ll give you information on how to get packet injection working so the aircrack suite is more useful to you.

Rogue AP Goodness:

1.) Download SET to your n900 and take note of this information:

a.) You’ll need to install some additional python modules  such as, python-crypto. Python-crypto is in the repositories if you have the extra repositorise that I mentioned  in an earlier post: http://zitstif.no-ip.org/?p=451

b.) I wasn’t able to find python-pexpect in the repositories, but luckily SET was able to download it and install it for me.

c.) If you’re planning on using metasploit in tandem with SET, you’ll need to do as follows:

ln -s /usr/bin/rub1.8 /usr/bin/ruby

Oddly enough, SET does not do a check for whether or not if you have ruby installed. I would implement something like this some where in the SET project:

http://zitstif.no-ip.org/setfix.txt

2.) See my earlier post on how to setup your n900 as a rogue ap point: http://zitstif.no-ip.org/?p=459 (Keep in mind though we’re going to inject a new step or two.)

3.) After step 4 (in the earlier rogue ap point instructions) load up SET and select number 2 for the website attack vectors section

4.) Select option 1 for the java applet attack method

5.) Now select the site cloner option

6.) Select a website to clone (Hmm anyone up for Facebook?! 😉 )

7.) For the payload, give SET’s own payload a try, it’s pretty powerful and you can even run a keylogger. In addition to that for the moment, this attack bypasses some AV solutions. (The system I tested this on was a fully patched Windows 7 x64 system that has Microsoft Security Essentials up to date, and I was able to get a session without any AV alarms going off.)

8.) Before you fire up ettercap, go to etter.dns and create an entry like this (especially if you’re using the mobilehotspot application)

www.facebook.com     A      10.105.242.1

9.) Now run this:

ettercap -i wlan0 -q -T -p -u // // -P dns_spoof

What I adore about this attack, is the java applet infection method. It’s a great social engineering method for gaining access to victim’s machines. Plus with SET, you don’t need sun-java6-jdk, which doesn’t appear to be available in the n900’s repositories.

I also wanted to note, that I wasn’t able to get the java applet to work against OSX systems or Linux systems. 🙁

Aircrack-ng goodness:

I was able to get packet injection working and was able to successfully use the chop-chop attack on a WEP network to create enough IVs and then crack the WEP key in about 10 minutes.

Please see this blog entry:

http://david.gnedt.eu/blog/wl1251/

Also pay close attention to:

http://david.gnedt.eu/wl1251/README

Be careful about using this driver because it seems to drain battery life quite quickly.

(Speaking of which..)

Additional notes:

One more tip I would like to share with fellow N900 owners on extending battery life is as follows:

-Uninstall applications that eat up a lot of CPU time and run in the background

-Disable your wifi connection if you’re not using it

-Dim the brightness of your screen

-Disable anything you don’t need or aren’t currently using

-Use an application to that allows you to switch between 3G and 2G networks. If you’re just using SMS and calling people, all you need is the 2G network. (In my humble opinion)

That’s all for now. As usual, more to come!

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Weaponizing the Nokia N900 – Part 3.6 – Portable Rogue AP Point

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With continuing the series of weaponizing the N900 and hoping that Infosec Island will continue with their series as well, I have successfully setup my N900 as a rogue AP point.

Firstly, to effectively deploy it you want to make sure your cell phone service (3G for the N900) is quite strong. You may even want to try pinging google or the like and see what the delay is. With a good connection, it will very for me between 70 and 90 milliseconds.

Second, you want to survey the site you’re going to deploy your portable rogue ap point. Luckily, you can run kismet on the N900. Once you have surveyed the site for other AP points, take note of the MAC addresses of each AP point that is specific to the area and also take note of the names of the AP points. With this mac address you can spoof your wlan0 interface to something that is very similar:

ifconfig wlan0 hw ether 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

You will need to have the extra repos enabled to install an application called mobilehotspot. You will also need prior to this, to install the custom kernel for the N900. You will also need ettercap and sslstrip to carry out this attack. See my earlier post for notes on the two: http://zitstif.no-ip.org/?p=451

1.) Get sslstrip up and running, and make sure you have iptables. For steps on using sslstrip check out:
http://www.thoughtcrime.org/software/sslstrip

2.) Spoof your wlan0 hardware address to what is appropriate for the site.

3.) Run the mobilehotspot application.

4.) Wait for a few seconds

5.) Run ettercap by doing so (modify as needed):
ettercap -i wlan0 -q -T -p -u // //

The reason why we don’t have ettercap forward packets, is because the kernel is already doing so due to the mobilehotspot application.

That is pretty much it. You could also do dnsspoofing to send your victims to a server under your control to do drive by attacks.

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Weaponizing the Nokia N900 – Part 3.5

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Due to my love of hand held devices that can be used for penetration testing, I have obtained a Nokia N900 for relatively cheap on eBay. A brand new N900 will burn you a hole about the size of $399 USD in your pocket. However, I obtained mine (a refurbished one) for about $285.

Granted this device is now 2 years old but in my opinion it can be setup as a solid security assessment tool. I thought I would write a de facto continuation of the “Weaponizing the Nokia N900″ series that Infosec island has done. (I hope they don’t mind 🙂 )

With the N900 being an old man, in terms of technology, one can spruce it up a bit via overclocking. I would highly suggest to check out:

http://thehandheldblog.com/2010/07/27/how-to-easily-overclock-your-n900-in-under-two-minutes/

I have mine overclocked to 750MHZ and it seems to be running just fine. Metasploit will load in about a minute or so. Which is not nearly as bad as running Metasploit on the N810 (which I was able to do by just following the same instructions for getting Metasploit to run on the N900). The N810, the last time I checked, took 15 minutes to load Metasploit.

Bear in mind that my tips imply that you have already enabled all the extra repositories as needed, if you haven’t done so check out:

http://www.nokian900applications.com/repositories-extras-extras-devel-and-extras-testing-for-nokia-n900/

As stated and shown before, there have been guides on weaponizing the N900. However some of these guides have failed to explain certain issues that I would like to address:

1.) The ettercap-ng package from the repositories is totally broken. I ended up having to download ettercap from this forum post and follow the instructions on it appropriately:

http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=42680

2.) sslstrip will work, and you have to follow the comments addressed on this web page to get it setup along with a few other things:

http://www.knownokia.ca/2010/04/using-n900-for-fun-and-profit.html

a.) You have to install iptables  (apt-get install iptables)

b.) You have to install another python package, (apt-get install python-openssl)

3.) The Metasploit package comes in in a tar.bz2 format. For some odd reason, the version of tar (the busy-box version) cannot do ‘-xjf’. So either you have to install the gnu version of tar or put metasploit on a computer that can extract it and put it into a format that can be decompressed on the n900.

4.) I wasn’t able to find netcat in the repositories. If you’re in the same boat, you’ll have to port it over or get a chroot environment setup. (easydebian)

Lastly, here is my original way of weaponizing the n900 even more so.

You’ll need a MicroSD card that you’re currently not using and you don’t mind wiping it and making it bootable. Also, you’re going to need BackBox iso (yes.. not BackTrack 4, I will explain later) and unetbootin.

Obtain BackBox from:

http://www.backbox.org/content/download

Obtain unetbootin from:

http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

1.) Install your Microsd card into the N900, by removing the back plate.

2.) Connect your n900 via the USB cable that came with it to your N900.

3.) When you get a prompt on your n900 from connecting it to your computer, choose the Mass storage device mode.

4.) Now, 2 drives should show up, (depending on if you’re using Windows or if you have automount setup under Linux). The drive that is the size of your MicroSD card, is your MicroSD card. (I know.. DUH)

5.) Fire up unetbootin, select Diskimage option, locate where you downloaded the BackBox iso and select it.

6.) Make sure you have the correct drive selected and finally click ‘OK’.

7.) Once the process is done, reboot your computer.

8.) Hit F2 (or it could be other keys, like F9) for your BIOS or better yet if there is an option for a boot menu, hit that key.

9.) Select to boot off of the N900 (some BIOS will show two and not differentiate the two, while other BIOS will state that there is a removable n900. If you’re not sure, just change your boot order to have both N900’s as the first and second boot devices. If your BIOS shows the removable N900, this is the one you want to boot off of.)

10.) Your computer should now be booting off your MicroSD card which is in your N900.

The real cool thing here, is that you can still use your N900 while the computer has booted off of your N900. So you can still make phone calls or surf the net with it.

Now you may be asking yourself, “Why would I want to do this?”. I ran through a couple scenarios in my head, the first, is if you only have one USB drive that is currently in use running, say L0phtcrack on one workstation, but you want to multitask and still explore the network further. Well you have your handy and now bootable N900. Lastly, it seems as if most computers (from my experience) don’t have a MicroSD card slot but have USB ports.

Finally, I naturally tried BackTrack 4, but it would not boot and it would shove me to a busybox shell. I didn’t feel like dealing with finding a fix at the time, so I thought I would find a different distro.

If I do more interesting and original things with my N900, I will post more.

As usual more to come…