Tag Archives: nmap

WSL2 does not appear to be shipped with Windows 10 1903

May 21, 2019 zitstif Leave a comment

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a great way to run a Linux environment within Windows 10 locally without having to rely on cygwin or using virtual machines.

It is not without its limitations. For instance, raw sockets are not supported so that means if you want to really utilize tools like nmap, you won’t be able to do so. However, from what I’m gathering, it sounds like WSL2 will support raw sockets.

As of today, I’ve updated my home lab Windows 10 systems to the newest non-insider build (Version 1903 (OS Build 18362.116)) and it was my hope that WSL2 would be included. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The wsl.exe command does not have a –set-version parameter yet and a newly installed debian on the my test system with nmap still produces raw socket related errors.

I have high hopes for what will become of WSL. For more information, take a look at this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwhMThePdIo

#Update 3/28/2020 – Looks like WSL2 will be available for non-insider builds this year some time:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-install

https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2019/06/12/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-18917/

Posts

Kali Linux for WSL now available on Windows Store

March 6, 2018 zitstif Leave a comment

This is pretty neat:

https://tech.slashdot.org/story/18/03/06/1334255/kali-linux-for-wsl-now-available-in-the-windows-store

However, I have a couple concerns. First, how useful will it be? Currently on a Windows 10 system, I have WSL setup and nmap is essentially useless:

tester@Win10virtual:~$ sudo nmap -sP -n -T4 192.168.1.254

Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-03-06 14:10 STD
dnet: Failed to open device eth0
QUITTING!

There is discussion about this issue here:

https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/1349

There is discussion of other network tools having socket related issues.

Second, how will AV handle tools like metasploit, powersploit, social engineering toolkit and the like that may set off AV engines?

I honestly think WSL is awesome but at this point I would recommend running whatever Linux distro of your desire on VirtualBox or the like.

Posts

Steps Toward Weaponizing the Android Platform

May 11, 2013 zitstif 24 Comments

(4/16/2015) – NOTE: THIS SOLUTION HAS BEEN KIND OF SUPERSEDED BY https://www.kali.org/kali-linux-nethunter/ , if nethunter doesn’t work for you then continue on with this post:

The mobile and tablet market have been flooded by millions upon millions of Android based devices. I wonder if Ken Thompson or Dennis Ritchie would have ever imagined that their invention from nearly 44 years ago would have influenced the likes of the Linux kernel, Google, Apple, and beyond. We are now in a sea of Unix-like devices that now can easily fit in individuals pockets, which have multiple core processing power and can easily access SCADA systems with a few keystrokes. It has never been a better time for pocket sized penetration testing devices.

In this article I will be covering ways that one can turn their Android based device into a powerful pocket sized penetration testing tool. If you’re looking to do wireless sniffing or packet injection with your Android based device, this article will be of little help. (If interested please see this, this, this, this, and this.) To do so, one needs a specific Android device that supports OTG, with a custom ROM, and you’ll most likely need an external USB wireless adapter. (Honestly, if you’re looking for a device for cracking WEP keys without any external USB wireless adapters, then I highly still recommend the Nokia N900.)

(NOTE: If you’re strictly looking to do wireless sniffing, there is AndroidPCAP which I have tested with my Nexus 7 and a RTL8187 based wireless USB adapter.)

Firstly, before progressing on towards the weaponizing of your Android device, please take the time to back up any vital information. Have a look at this. Reason being, is that you’ll need to root your Android based device. Depending on your device and the method of rooting, rooting your device and unlocking the bootloader can wipe your device.

Setting up Kali Linux ARM Chroot on your rooted Android based device that has about 6GB of free space

1.) Install BusyBox
2.) Install Terminal Emulator
3.) I created a Kali Linux ARM IMG that one can easily mount and it can be downloaded here:
http://goo.gl/qmGle
https://archive.org/details/Kali.nogui.armel.zitstif.chroot.482013

kali.nogui.armel.zitstif.chroot.482013.7z

md5: d60c5a52bcea35834daecb860bd8a5c7
sha1: f62c2633d214de9edad1842c9209f443bcea385d

kali.img

MD5: be61799f8eb2d98ff8874daaf572a1d5
SHA-1: f9c6a820349530350bbb902d17ae6b4a5173937c

NOTE: This image gives you about 2GB of free space in the environment to play with so use with care.

4.) Extract the 7z file and make sure that there’s a folder in this following location: /sdcard/kali
5.) In this folder you should have shell script named ‘kali’ and the ‘kali.img’ image file.
6.) To mount the kali.img file as root do this: sh /sdcard/kali/kali

Optional: If you want Terminal Emulator to open up and go directly to the chroot environment do as follows:
1.) Open up Terminal Emulator
2.) Go to preferences
3.) Tap on Initial Command
4.) Enter this: su -c “cd /sdcard/kali && sh kali”

Now if you tap on Terminal Emulator, you’ll go directly to your Kali chroot environment. If you want to leave the environment and back to the Android command line, simply type exit.

Optional: If you want to access files from /sdcard/ from your Kali chroot envrionment, one way is to have an Openssh server on your Android device that listens on all interfaces. Then under your chroot envrionment do: mkdir /media/sdcard/ and then connect to your ssh server on your loopback interface to store the ssh key. Then you could use a script like this in your chroot environment (or even edit your .bashrc file to run it automatically):

http://zitstif.no-ip.org/mountsdcard.py #You’ll need to edit the username and password appropriately for your situation.

I should warn you that this Kali image is not setup with the idea of using a window manager or really any GUI tools. In my humble opinion to take advantage of Kali Linux, you don’t need a GUI. Using the terminal to access tools like nmap, netcat, w3af_console, sqlmap, xsser, and metasploit will be sufficient to get one started on their penetration test.

Once you’re in the Kali Linux chroot environment, please do the following:

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && msfupdate

In addition to setting up the Kali Linux chroot environment, here are a list of other tools and a quick description of each that I recommend you to install:

2X Client – Remote desktop client
AndFTP – ftp/sftp client
androidVNC – vnc viewer client
AndSMB – Android Samba client
AnyTAG NFC Launcher – Automate your phone by scanning NFC tags
APG – OpenGPG for Android
CardTest – Test your NFC enabled credit cards
Checksum – basically a GUI tool for md5sum and shasum tools
ConnectBot – powerful ssh client
DNS Lookup – perform DNS and WHOIS lookups
Dolphin Browser – a browser that easily allows you to change your UserAgent
DroidSQLi – automated MySQL injection tool
dSploit – Android Network Penetration Suite
Electronic Pickpocket – wirelessly read NFC enabled cards
Exif Viewer – shows exif data from photos and can remove this information
Fast notepad – simple but useful notepad application
Find My Router’s Password – title explains it all (mostly for default passwords)
Fing – very similar to Look@LAN tool for Windows
Goomanager – see link for more information
Hacker’s Keyboard – Miss the easily accessible CTRL key? This app is for you
HashPass – translate text into hashes
Hex Editor – a very usable hex editor for Android
inSSIDer – wireless network scanner
intercepter-NG – multi-function network tool, sniffer, cookie intercepter, arp poisoner
IP info Detective – find out all sorts of info on an IP address
IP Webcam – turn your Android device into an IP security camera
Network Signal Info – basically a graphical tool for iwconfig
NFC Reader – used for reading various NFC technologies including some keycards
NFC ReTAG – Re-use/recycle write protected NFC Tags such as hotel key-cards, access badges, etc
NFC TagInfo -another NFC reader
OpenVPN Connect – open vpn client
Orbot – tor on Android
Packet Injection – poorman’s GUI version of scapy
ProxyDroid – use your socks5 proxy with this application
Root Browser – great file manager for Android
Routerpwn – test how secure your router is
SandroProxy – kind of like Webscarab
Secret Letter – a poorman’s stegonagraphy tool
SSHDroid – openssh server for android
Supersu – manage what programs access root functions
Teamviewer – remotely control Windows, OSX, and Linux based systems
Terminal Emulator – no explanation needed
tPacketCapture – packet sniffer that doesn’t require root
VirusTotal Uploader – test your malicious payloads
Voodoo OTA RootKeeper – maintain root access even after updates
Wifi File Transfer – access files on your phone from a web browser via an http server
WifiFinder – simple wireless scanner
WiGLE Wifi wardriving – wardriving/warwalking application

Of course this is probably not complete, but I believe this is a very good suite of tools to get one started. If you can think of any more tools or if you have any suggestions, please feel free to leave a comment below.

Code, Posts

Kolmogorov Complexity, Natural Language Programming and the Bash shell

January 14, 2012 zitstif Leave a comment

The following post superficially applies the concepts of Kolmogorov complexity of an object and natural language programming using the bash shell. Part of the inspiration for this post came from this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyB13PD-UME

In this post we will be treating strings as objects in a similar sense of Kolmogorov complexity. Then we will apply an alias name or function name to the object which then the alias/function name can be perceived as a natural language sentence.

Take the following object:

sudo nmap -sP -n -T4 $(netstat -rn | awk ‘{print $2}’ | egrep ‘[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}’ | fgrep -v “0.0.0.0” | sed -e ‘s/$[0-9]$\{1,3\}$/1-254/g’)

To individuals who are not familiar with the bash shell or bash shell programming, this object does not make a whole lot of sense. What does it do? What does it mean? Why is this one-liner algorithm useful to some individuals?

For those of who you aren’t sure, this one-liner algorithm is used for ping sweeping your local subnet based upon the gateway’s IP address. So if your gateway is 192.168.1.1 then when the bash shell expands and processes the sub-shell variable $(netstat -rn | awk ‘{print $2}’ | egrep ‘[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}’ | fgrep -v “0.0.0.0” | sed -e ‘s/$[0-9]$\{1,3\}$/1-254/g’‘), it would result with 192.168.1.1-254. Lastly, the string would result with sudo nmap -sP -n -T4 192.168.1.1-254.

To take the time to type out this 196 character object each time you connect to a network that you’re exploring, would be extremely tedious and time consuming. Ergo to save an individual some time and keystrokes, this is where we will apply the ‘alias’ function that is built into the bash shell:

alias PingSweepLocalSubnet=”sudo nmap -sP -n -T4 $(netstat -rn | awk ‘{print $2}’ | egrep ‘[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}’ | fgrep -v “0.0.0.0” | sed -e ‘s/$[0-9]$\{1,3\}$/1-254/g’)”

Here the 20 character alias PingSweepLocalSubnet saves the end user 176 characters to type and makes more sense depending on if the user is familiar with networking terminologies. Granted this may not be, “the shortest description of this object” and the proper simplifying algorithm according to Kolmogorov complexity method, but this is where the idea of natural language programming is applied. With this object, if we use the Kolmogorov complexity concept, is nearly incompressible. I wanted this alias to be time saving and to be almost a form of natural language programming.

We must also remember that we do not necessarily need to use the ‘alias’ function from the bash shell. We can also achieve the same result by using ‘function’ from bash shell:

function PingSweepLocalSubnet()
{
sudo nmap -sP -n -T4 $(netstat -rn | awk ‘{print $2}’ | egrep ‘[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}\.[[:digit:]]{1,3}’ | fgrep -v “0.0.0.0” | sed -e ‘s/$[0-9]$\{1,3\}$/1-254/g’);
}

In turn end users may want to use function assignments rather than aliases. Aliases are limited and are simply string substitutions. For further reading on using aliases or functions take a look at: http://linuxgazette.net/issue53/eyler.html Whether or not the end user decides to use ‘alias’ or ‘function’ is subjective to the user.

Code, Posts

A Note on Updating Weaponized Nokia N900s

December 17, 2011 zitstif 15 Comments

I wanted to make this post to save time and headaches for people who own ‘weaponized’ Nokia N900s.

If you regularly update your Nokia N900 by doing (as root):

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y

I have ran into some issues with some of the newer packages.

Firstly, the newest beta version of nmap (5.59BETA1_armel) appears to be buggy enough to the point where it’s almost unusable.

Running this:
nmap -sS -P0 -vv www.google.com -p 80

Yields:
Starting Nmap 5.59BETA1 (http://nmap.org) at 2011-12-17 21:14 EST
Warning Hostname www.google.com resolves to 6 IPs. Using 74.125.45.147
route_dst_netlink: can’t find interface “wlan0”

Secondly, subversion (svn) gets completely broken due to a library compatibility issue:

svn -h
Segmentation fault

There has been discussion on this: http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?p=970467

Having svn broken really stinks, because then I am not able to update Metasploit. Who in the hell wants to run an outdated version of Metasploit? (I imagine there are some people..)

To work around this for the time being I have crafted the following shell script:

#!/bin/bash

if [ ${#} -lt 1 ]
 then
   echo "Usage:	"
   echo "./update.sh normal #This just does a normal update";
   echo "./update.sh modded #This will do a normal update and then downgrade libaprutil1, libapr1 and nmap so that they work";
   exit 1;
fi

if echo ${1} | egrep "normal"  > /dev/null;
 then
   apt-get update;
   apt-get upgrade -y;
   exit 0;
elif echo ${1} | egrep "modded"  > /dev/null;
 then
   apt-get update;
   apt-get upgrade -y;
   apt-get install nmap=5.50-2 libaprutil1=1.3.9-2 libapr1=1.4.2-1 --force-yes -y;
   apt-get clean && apt-get autoclean;
   exit 0;
else
   echo "I don't know what you are trying to do.." #Thanks Arc
   exit 2;
fi

http://zitstif.no-ip.org/update.txt
SHA1 (update.txt) = d83306d18a146a54a38ea236e3a236b4955bb81b

For the time being if you’re in a similar case like me, you’ll have to use this shell script (wget http://zitstif.no-ip.org/update.sh && chmod +x update.sh && ./update.sh modded).

#!/zitstif.no-ip.org/